A hello-world MCP server is easy to ship. A production MCP server that survives contact with real AI agents, real traffic, and real attackers requires an entirely different checklist — and this final article covers everything.
Your AI agent can browse the web, run code, and query databases — but only because someone built a custom integration for each one. There is a better way: the Model Context Protocol (MCP) replaces all that glue code with a single open standard.
Your FastAPI app serves human callers perfectly. But AI agents cannot discover your endpoints, understand their parameters, or use them safely without hand-written integration code. There is a better way — and two patterns to choose from.
TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not list — Python Error Causes and How to Fix It
May 12, 2026
You are building a FastAPI endpoint that accepts a list of file paths. You write `os.path.exists(files)` where `files` is a list — and Python crashes with `TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not list`. It trips up nearly every developer working with file handling in FastAPI, Django, or any Python framework that accepts lists. Here is exactly why it happens and how to fix it instantly.
FastAPI dropped Pydantic v1 support. If your APIs still use v1, here’s everything that breaks, what changes in v2’s Rust core, and a full migration checklist with code examples.
Fire off 50 async tasks and one timeout can bring down 49 others. asyncio.TaskGroup fixes this with structured concurrency — here are the patterns that matter in 2026.
Stop scaffolding manually. uv init creates a complete project in under a second — .gitignore, .python-version, pyproject.toml, uv.lock, and main.py — and your first script runs with just uv run. This guide walks through every file and command.
In Part 1, we explored Python’s type() function and why isinstance() is usually the better choice for runtime type checking. But here’s something that might surprise you: the most effective way to handle types in Python isn’t checking them at runtime at all—it’s using type…
How to Build a Modern Python API in 2025: FastAPI vs. Flask vs. Django Rest Framework
August 1, 2025
There’s never been a better (or more confusing) time to build an API in Python. Ten years ago, your options were “Flask or… did you say something else?” Now we’re spoiled: FastAPI, Flask, and Django Rest Framework (DRF) are all mature, battle-tested, and—let’s be honest—a…
